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Thursday 23 July 2015

Tropical regions

Tropical regions


LU Situated between 23.50 and 23.50 LS
                 Geographical limits are not absolute, because the flow of ocean currents from the equator toward the poles, causing coastal areas and some land that is passed will be hot.
                 For example: - Island of Bermuda
- Northern Burma
- Brazil East section
- Australia East

World Tropical Forest deployment

World Tropical Forest deployment


1. South America (400 million hectares) centered in the Amazon basin, Brazil
2. Indo - Malaya, Asia (250 million ha)
3. West Africa (180 million ha) of the valley of the Congo River to the bay Guyana

Theory Deployment Type (Wulff, 1943):

Theory Deployment Type (Wulff, 1943):


    
Landbridge theory (the theory of the bridge)

                
If there taxon same plant are in a separate land, the land of the two formerly one or no link. Land or bridge (landbridge) is submerged in the seabed

    
The theory of Continental Drift

                
In the ancient times (+ 200 years ago) all continents that exist today were once one or two large land called Pangea. In the Mesozoic era began to separate (rupture) melaluidua meridian (Europe, Africa and America; Africa & India) formation of the Atlantic Ocean and the IndianClimate and location of the climatic area has changed so very distinct from current climatic conditions.• Start times myosin climate area nearly resembles the current climate region• The most important climatic element is the size of the extreme climate
                                  
climate change sharply great influence on the spread of plants• extreme climate and geological history of major changes in the vegetation world (extermination, migration, adaptation and evolution).• The area of ​​the least to climate change (Tropical and Subtropical Southeast Asia, South America Tropical) rich plant (20-40 thousand species).• The area most experienced climate change (Tropical Africa) Only 10 -15 thousand species of plants

The results of the evalution and adaption

The results of the evaluation and adaptation
                                 There are specialized in certain climatic areas.
Trees in temperate climates (Temperate):
                 Vacciniaceae, Aceraceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Cuppressaceae, Pinaceae, etc.
Trees on Tropical climate:
                 Lauraceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Anacardiaceae, Caesalpinacea, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, ebenaceae, Meliaceae, dilleniaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Palmae, etc.
Based on the climate and groups (taxa) plant experts divide the plants in the world into several regions flora, among others, by Good (1953, 1964) divides into 37 regions flora
                 Determination of local flora based on the pattern of spread of endemic species or taxa (native plants that it is limited to certain areas).

Saturday 4 April 2015

DAERAH FLORA



Hasil evaluasi & adaptasi              
                                terdapat khusus di daerah iklim tertentu.
                          Pohon pada iklim sedang (Temperate) :
                Vacciniaceae, Aceraceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae,          Cuppressaceae, Pinaceae, dll.
                          Pohon pada iklim Tropika :
                Lauraceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Anacardiaceae,         Caesalpinacea, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Ebenaceae,                 Meliaceae,          Dilleniaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Dipterocarpaceae,             Palmae, dll.
Berdasarkan iklim & golongan (taxa) tumbuhan para ahli membagi tumbuhan di dunia menjadi beberapa daerah flora, antara lain oleh Good (1953, 1964) membagi ke dalam 37 daerah flora
                Penetapan daerah flora berdasarkan pada pola                 penyebaran       jenis atau taxa yang endemik (tumbuhan asli yang               penyebarannya terbatas pada daerah    tertentu).

Teori Penyebaran Jenis (Wulff,1943) :



  1. Teori Landbridge (teori jembatan)
                Jika ada taxon tumbuhan yang sama berada di daratan yang terpisah maka dua daratan tersebut dulunya satu atau ada penghubung. Daratan atau jembatan penghubung (landbridge) tersebut tenggelam di dasar laut
  1. Teori Continental Drift
                Pada zaman purba (+ 200 tahun yang lalu) semua benua yang ada saat ini dulunya satu atau dua daratan yang besar yang  disebut Pangea. Pada zaman mesozoikum mulai terpisah (pecah) melaluidua meridian (Eropa, Afrika & Amerika ; Afrika & India)               terbentuknya Samudera Atlantik dan Hindia
Iklim dan letak daerah iklim telah berubah sehingga sangat berbeda degan keadaan iklim sekarang.
                          Mulai zaman miosin daerah iklim hampir menyerupai daerah      iklim       saat ini
                          Unsur iklim terpenting adalah ukuran iklim ekstrim
                                  perubahan iklim yang tajam besar pengaruhnya terhadap                                            penyebaran tumbuhan
                          Iklim ekstrim & riwayat geologis                  perubahan besar pada                vegetasi               dunia (pemusnahan, migrasi, adaptasi & evolusi).
                          Daerah yang paling sedikit mengalami perubahan iklim (Tenggara Asia Tropika & Subtropika, Amerika Selatan                 Tropika)               kaya akan tumbuhan (20 – 40 ribu jenis).
                          Daerah  yang paling banyak mengalami perubahan iklim                (Afrika Tropika) Hanya 10 -15 ribu jenis tumbuhan

Penyebaran Hutan Tropika Dunia



1.       Amerika Selatan (400 juta ha) berpusat di lembah sungai Amazon, Brazil
2.       Indo – Malaya, Asia (250 juta ha)
3.       Afrika Barat (180 juta ha) lembah Sungai Congo sampai teluk Guyana

Daerah Tropika



Terletak antara 23,50 LU dan 23,50 LS
                Batas geografis itu tidak mutlak, karena adanya aliran arus           samudera dari khatulistiwa ke arah kutub, menyebabkan   daerah pantai dan sebagian daratan yang dilewati akan                 menjadi panas.
                Misalnya :- Pulau Bermuda
-           Burma bagian Utara
-           Brazil bagian Timur
-           Australia  bagian Timur